The Submarine Deal between India and Germany has moved closer to formalisation after German Ambassador to India Jasper Wieck said Berlin had completed its internal processes for an agreement to build six next-generation conventional submarines in India. The proposed programme, valued at around $8 billion, is being pursued under Project 75(I), with Germany’s Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems (TKMS) partnering state-owned Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL).
Wieck said on September 23 that the German side had agreed to the relevant documents and was ready to sign, while India still needed to complete its own internal procedures. The comments indicate that negotiations have reached an advanced stage, although the final agreement depends on the completion of New Delhi’s approval process. Reports have placed the value at roughly ₹70,000 crore to ₹72,000 crore, depending on the exchange rate used.
The Submarine Deal involves the construction of six boats in India rather than the simple purchase of finished vessels from Germany. That distinction is central to the programme. TKMS is expected to provide the German design, engineering expertise and technology, while MDL will undertake domestic construction. The arrangement is intended to strengthen India’s ability to build and maintain sophisticated conventional submarines within the country.
The submarines are expected to be based on the German HDW Class 214 design and equipped with air-independent propulsion, or AIP. Such systems allow conventional submarines to remain submerged for substantially longer periods without relying solely on atmospheric oxygen for their diesel engines. This can improve underwater endurance and reduce the need to surface or snorkel frequently, an important consideration for naval operations.
The Submarine Deal has been under discussion for years as part of India’s effort to expand and modernise its underwater fleet. Project 75(I) was conceived to bring six advanced conventional submarines into the Indian Navy while also creating a pathway for technology transfer and greater domestic manufacturing. TKMS and MDL began formal contract negotiations in 2025, marking an important step after a prolonged procurement process.
For India, the project is also significant from an industrial perspective. Building the submarines domestically can provide Indian engineers, shipyards and suppliers with experience in a highly specialised area of defence manufacturing. TKMS has previously said its partnership with MDL is intended to support India’s Make in India objectives and strengthen domestic submarine capabilities.
The Submarine Deal also reflects a wider effort by New Delhi and Berlin to deepen defence cooperation. Wieck described defence and security as one of Germany’s priorities in its relationship with India, alongside areas such as the India-European Union free trade agreement and labour mobility. He also indicated that future cooperation could extend into fields including unmanned systems, cyber capabilities, missile technology and sensors.
Germany’s changing approach to defence exports is another important element. According to Wieck, Berlin has adopted a more accommodating position towards defence cooperation with India and is prepared to facilitate technology transfers. The shift could have implications beyond the immediate submarine programme because advanced defence manufacturing depends not only on acquiring platforms but also on access to engineering knowledge, maintenance expertise and industrial capabilities.
The Submarine Deal comes at a time when India is seeking to strengthen its maritime capabilities amid a changing security environment in the Indo-Pacific. The Indian Navy operates a mix of conventional and nuclear-powered submarines, while regional naval activity has increased. Six additional AIP-equipped conventional submarines would add underwater endurance and surveillance capacity to the fleet.
The project could also have a long-term effect on India’s defence manufacturing ecosystem. Complex submarine construction requires specialised materials, precision engineering, electronics, sensors and propulsion-related expertise. Greater domestic participation could therefore create opportunities for Indian companies beyond the six vessels themselves, although the precise scale of industrial benefits will depend on the final contractual arrangements and technology-transfer provisions.
The Submarine Deal is also notable for the timing of the India-Germany relationship. Both countries have been looking to broaden strategic cooperation as global security conditions become more uncertain. For Germany, India offers a major partner in the Indo-Pacific and a substantial industrial market. For India, cooperation with Germany provides another channel for advanced defence technology while diversifying its international defence partnerships.
The Submarine Deal will ultimately have to pass through India’s remaining approval procedures before it becomes a completed government-to-government agreement. Until the formal signing takes place, details surrounding implementation, delivery schedules and the precise scope of technology transfer remain subject to the final contract.
If concluded, the programme would represent a major investment in India’s conventional underwater fleet and its domestic shipbuilding capabilities. The immediate objective is the construction of six submarines, but the larger significance lies in whether the partnership can help India acquire the industrial knowledge needed to sustain, upgrade and eventually expand its own submarine-building ecosystem.
