Any statement made under oath or document produced in accordance with court instructions that contributes to proving the truth of a case is considered evidence. False evidence, on the other hand, is information that has been fabricated or obtained illegally in order to influence the outcome of a legal proceeding. False evidence is punishable by law in India under Chapter XI of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, which deals with false evidence and public justice offences.
According to Section 191 of the IPC, any person who is legally bound to speak the truth but makes false statements is said to have given false evidence. Section 192 addresses the fabrication of false evidence and punishes anyone who intentionally creates a false statement with the intent of using it as evidence in a legal proceeding.
Section 193 states that anyone who intentionally gives false evidence in a court proceeding or furnishes false evidence with the intent of using it in a court proceeding faces up to seven years in prison and a fine. If someone intentionally provides false evidence in any other case, they can face up to three years in prison and a fine.
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According to Section 194, if a person provides false evidence with the intent or knowledge that it will cause any innocent person to be convicted of a capital offence, they will face life imprisonment or rigorous imprisonment for up to ten years, as well as a fine.
Similarly, under Section 195, any person who provides false evidence with the intent or knowledge that it will cause any innocent person to be convicted of an offence punishable with life imprisonment or a term of seven years or more shall be held guilty of that offence and will be punished.
Furthermore, Section 196 states that anyone who fraudulently presents evidence that they know to be false as true or genuine evidence will face the same penalties as if they gave or fabricated false evidence. Similarly, anyone who issues or signs a false certificate is punishable under Section 197.
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Anyone who uses or attempts to use evidence that they know is false as true or genuine evidence will face the same punishment as if they gave or fabricated false evidence, according to Section 198. Finally, Section 199 states that anyone who makes a false statement in any declaration made or subscribed to by them will be punished as if they had provided false evidence.
Finally, false evidence is a serious crime in India that is punishable by law. It is critical to ensure that the evidence presented in court is true and not fabricated, as this can have serious consequences for innocent people.
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