Russian President Vladimir Putin landed in New Delhi on Friday for a three-day visit built around the 18th BRICS Leaders’ Summit, and the Russian side is pushing proposals for additional S-400 air-defence systems, the Pantsir-S1M point-defence system, radars and strategic submarines, alongside a wider push for collaboration with Indian private defence firms. Buried in that list is an odd-sounding idea: an air defence system that exists to defend another air defence system.
The System Guarding the System
The Pantsir-S1M is Russia’s upgraded short-range mobile air-defence system, built for point defence of critical military assets, air bases, command posts and other high-value installations, combining surface-to-air missiles with twin 30mm cannons to engage aircraft, cruise missiles, drones and precision-guided weapons. Its missiles reach roughly 30 km, positioning it as a terminal, close-in layer that operates alongside longer-range systems like the S-400.
The logic dates back decades. Older Soviet-era systems sat in fixed, hardened positions; when radar-guided missile batteries like the S-300 became mobile, they cut the risk of being found and destroyed — but a battery, once located, remained exposed. One of the roles designed for the Pantsir-S was to provide air defence to those very S-300 units, and the pairing carried forward: the S-400 Triumf and Pantsir system are built to integrate into a two-layer defence architecture.
Why India Wants One Now
The answer isn’t abstract for New Delhi. The 2025 conflict exposed the vulnerabilities of large S-400 missile batteries to asymmetric threats, with Pakistani forces deploying kamikaze drones in attempts to target S-400 units stationed at the Adampur and Bhuj airbases. Long-range interceptors are optimised to hit high-value, fast-moving aircraft at distance — not the cheap, low-flying loitering munitions and drone swarms that can slip underneath that umbrella. To close that gap, India is negotiating the procurement of the Russian Pantsir-S1 missile and gun system, designed specifically to act as a close-in “bodyguard” for the S-400.
An industry report on the current offer frames it the same way: the Pantsir-S1M is being pitched as a dedicated point-defence solution to safeguard strategic installations and, critically, to provide a protective shield for long-range air defence assets like the S-400, which remain vulnerable to saturation attacks by low-cost, low-altitude threats including UAVs, loitering munitions and cruise missiles. The S1M variant adds improved radar, better tracking and extended missile range over earlier versions, and is built to track and engage multiple targets at once — useful against massed drone strikes.
The Bigger Package on the Table
The Pantsir talks aren’t happening in isolation. India signed a $5.43 billion deal with Russia in 2018 for five S-400 squadrons, and the delivery of the two remaining under that contract is expected to be completed this year. The fifth and final unit is expected by November 2026, likely deployed in the eastern sector to watch the border with China. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed this week that those deliveries remain on the agenda for the Modi-Putin meeting, saying Russia is capable of fulfilling its obligations and that they will be fulfilled, adding that the issue comes up in conversations between the two leaders.
Beyond finishing the existing order, New Delhi is separately advancing talks to procure five more S-400 squadrons — a deal estimated at more than ₹50,000 crore — on top of the Pantsir-S1M discussion. Russian officials have signalled openness to going further still: a Russian official told reporters the two sides remain open to expanding dialogue on air defence systems, calling it a promising area of the broader defence partnership given the current security situation in both Europe and the region.
The rest of the shopping list reads like a wider re-engagement: Russia has also laid out proposals for joint production of Su-57 fighter jets in India with shared engine technology, and an upgrade of the Su-30MKI fleet into “Super Sukhois” worth more than $11 billion.
A Familiar Pattern, Raised a Notch
None of this is new territory for a BRICS summit hosted in India — the India-Russia S-400 deal itself was first agreed during the 2016 BRICS summit in Goa. What’s changed is the threat the two countries are now designing around. A layered system built to counter Cold War-era bombers and cruise missiles is being reinforced against a cheaper, harder-to-track problem: swarms of small drones that don’t need to beat an S-400 outright, only get underneath it. The Pantsir-S1M is Russia’s answer to that arithmetic — and, if the deal closes, likely a fixture at Indian air bases well before its S-400 stablemates finish arriving.