- The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 to preserve and protect the unique climatic condition of the continent.
- The continent was made a demilitarized zone, and to preserve scientific research establishments with the purpose that it will help humankind as a whole.
- But due to climate change conditions, Antarctic glaciers have also started to melt and affect the natural flora and fauna.
- India with the aim of balancing life and science brought the Antarctic Bill and is maintaining its research activities without affecting the natural environment.
The Indian Antarctic Bill
The bill provides for national measures for protecting the Antarctic environment and associated ecosystem; Further:-
- Requirement of a permit for an expedition, the introduction of non-native flora & fauna, entering protected areas, discharge of waste into the sea, removal of a biological sample
- Prohibition of disposal of radioactive or any type of waste
- Establishment of a waste disposal system for research facilities there
- Penalty for violation of any provision of the act
Indian Expedition in Antarctica
The 41st Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA) has been launched to carry out various scientific activities and to maintain its two research stations viz Maitri and Bharti. The purpose is to understand the Antarctic climate, westerly winds, sea ice and greenhouses gases. Further, long term observations include geology, glaciology, ocean observation and upper atmospheric sciences.
The National Centre For Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) is the nodal institution under the Ministry of Earth Sciences to oversee the research and activities on the field.
Read More: India leaves behind the US, China and Russia in achieving the Paris climate change goal
India – Champion of the Earth’s Environment
Being the second most populated country in the world, India has the lowest per capita carbon emission i.e. 1.91 tons. Whereas Canada with 18.56, the USA with 15.52, Russia with 11.44 and China with 7.38 led the list of carbon emissions. India’s ancient philosophy of coexistence with nature is evident from its revolutionary steps taken to decrease climate change in the world.
According to the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI), India’s performance has been rated high in the GHG emissions, energy use and climate policy and renewable energy.
To meet the goal of the Paris Accord i.e. to achieve 40% of its installed power capacity with non-fossil fuel by 2030 and a targeted reduction of 33-35% in energy intensity, India is leading on the front from its overall energy consumption, 39% comes from renewable sources. Also, experts believe, India will be able to achieve its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) way before the deadline.
The over-exploitation and irresponsible use of natural resources has affected life on earth without boundaries. India’s efforts in this direction are exceptional and commendable due to its population. It set an ideal example that how a responsible power should behave. Because with great powers comes greater responsibilities.