In a striking reversal that underscores the limits of ideological rigidity in governance, the CPI(M)-led government of Kerala has finally agreed to join the Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI) scheme — a central initiative aimed at upgrading existing schools and enhancing the quality of education nationwide. The decision marks a significant U-turn for a state that had, for over a year, fiercely resisted the scheme on ideological grounds, accusing the Centre of using education as a tool for “saffronisation.”
The development is not just about education funding; it is a moment that reflects how Marxist Kerala’s political posturing has been forced to bow before ground realities. The withdrawal from ideological rigidity was prompted by financial compulsions, pressure from students, and the Centre’s firm, consistent stand.
Kerala’s Initial Resistance: Ideology Over Pragmatism
For nearly a year, the Left Democratic Front (LDF) government in Kerala rejected the PM SHRI scheme, refusing to sign the required memorandum of understanding with the Centre. Its stated reasoning: the scheme’s alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which the state viewed as an attack on federalism and cultural plurality. Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan had openly termed NEP “a danger to the nation,” while Education Minister V Sivankutty claimed it would lead to “central interference” in syllabus design and local educational autonomy.
Kerala’s opposition was also political. The CPI(M) has long positioned itself as a bulwark against what it perceives as the BJP-led Central Government’s attempts to centralise power. Education, being a sensitive and influential sector, became a symbolic battleground. Unlike most states and union territories, Kerala, along with West Bengal and Tamil Nadu, held out against signing the MoU — a stance that came with steep consequences.
The Financial Reality Check
The Centre responded firmly to Kerala’s defiance. Funds under Samagra Shiksha — an umbrella programme for school education — were linked to the signing of the PM SHRI agreement. As a result, over ₹1,000 crore in education funds meant for Kerala were withheld. This amount was not merely symbolic; it represented a significant chunk of the resources used for paying teacher salaries, upgrading facilities, and maintaining grant programmes for students.
By contrast, states such as Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, which signed the MoU promptly, received thousands of crores in education funding. As the financial strain grew, Kerala’s education sector faced increasing challenges, making it harder to sustain programmes without central support. The Marxist government’s ideological stand was proving to be an expensive one.
Mounting Pressure from Within: Students Lead the Way
While financial constraints were critical, they were not the only reason for the U-turn. Over several months, various stakeholders, especially student bodies, began demanding a more pragmatic approach. The Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP), the student wing of the BJP, played a pivotal role in this pressure campaign.
ABVP launched state-wide campaigns, organised protests, submitted memoranda, and sustained a visible movement highlighting how students in Kerala were being deprived of central benefits. Their message was simple but powerful: ideological posturing should not come at the cost of students’ futures.
ABVP’s Kerala State Secretary, E.U. Eswaraprasad, welcomed the eventual decision, calling it “a big victory for students who stood for educational progress.” According to him, around 336 schools in Kerala stand to benefit from PM SHRI, reaching quality benchmarks comparable to Kendriya Vidyalayas — institutions known for their academic excellence.
Centre’s Firm Stand: No Compromise on Uniformity
Throughout the standoff, the Union Government maintained a consistent position: states must align with national standards to ensure the uniform implementation of education reforms. Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan reiterated in the Lok Sabha that education lies in the Concurrent List, meaning both the Centre and states share responsibilities. Centrally Sponsored Schemes, he clarified, require states to meet certain administrative and fiscal conditions before funds are released.
This firmness was crucial. By refusing to make exceptions, the Centre effectively signalled that it would not allow political posturing to derail a flagship national education programme. The message was clear: benefits of central schemes come with accountability and compliance, not selective participation.
Kerala’s U-Turn: “A Practical Approach”
On 19 October, Education Minister Sivankutty publicly acknowledged what had become obvious for months. “Funds worth ₹1,466 crore belong to our children. Many of our education-related expenses, including salaries of the teachers and student grants, depend on this support. The Centre’s funds belong to every citizen of the country,” he said, announcing the decision to join PM SHRI. He added that the government would take a “practical approach” going forward.
This statement was a tacit admission that Kerala’s earlier ideological defiance was unsustainable. By capitulating, the CPI(M) government acknowledged that central funding is essential to maintain educational standards in the state — especially at a time of fiscal stress and growing infrastructural demands.
Political Posturing Meets Governance
The episode reveals a crucial fault line in Kerala’s Marxist governance model. For years, the CPI(M) has projected itself as a counterforce to centralisation, often framing New Delhi’s policies through the lens of political opposition rather than developmental merit. However, governance cannot be sustained on ideology alone. When political symbolism clashes with administrative necessity, it is usually the latter that prevails.
By opposing the PM SHRI scheme for more than a year, Kerala risked undermining its own legacy in education — a sector where it traditionally holds a reputation for excellence. Its eventual reversal demonstrates that ideological walls crumble quickly when they collide with ground realities like financial constraints and public demand.
Broader Implications: Lessons Beyond Kerala
Kerala’s U-turn holds lessons for other states and political movements that try to mix governance with rigid ideological opposition. It shows that while ideological resistance may serve as a political statement, it cannot sustain itself when essential services are at stake. The Centre’s firm, rules-based approach further signals that uniformity in national schemes will not be sacrificed at the altar of political grandstanding.
Moreover, the active role played by students in pushing for this decision highlights a subtle shift in Kerala’s political landscape. For years, Left-affiliated student groups dominated campuses. But this time, it was a non-Left student organisation that successfully set the agenda — an indicator of changing ground dynamics.
Conclusion: Ideology Has Its Limits
The Kerala government’s decision to join the PM SHRI scheme is more than a bureaucratic policy shift; it is a political moment. It exposes how Marxist Kerala’s ideological posturing has run up against the hard wall of governance. Pragmatism, not rhetoric, ultimately decides the course of public policy.
As 336 schools in the state now prepare to benefit from PM SHRI, the episode serves as a reminder: governance must serve people, not politics. In this case, Kerala’s ideological fortification was vanquished not by opposition parties or electoral defeat, but by the undeniable weight of practical necessity — and the voices of its own students demanding progress.