Two-tier sentencing refers to a legal framework where different groups of offenders are treated differently based on factors other than the crime itself, such as ethnicity, gender, or social background. Critics argue that this undermines the principle of equal justice, where all individuals should be held to the same legal standards regardless of their personal identity. The controversy surrounding the Sentencing Council’s recent guidelines has reignited the debate on whether the UK is moving towards a two-tier justice system. These new principles suggest that judges “normally consider” ordering a pre-sentence report (PSR) for offenders from an “ethnic minority, cultural minority, and/or faith minority community.” This guidance also applies to young adults aged 18 to 25, women, and pregnant women, leading to accusations of special treatment for certain groups.
The Flawed Approach of the Sentencing Council
The Sentencing Council claims that the new guidelines are designed to address disparities in sentencing outcomes and ensure courts have comprehensive information before making decisions. However, the approach has been widely criticized for creating a system where sentencing outcomes may be influenced by the offender’s background rather than the crime committed.
Shadow Justice Secretary Robert Jenrick has condemned this move as an “inversion of the rule of law” and a “double standard.” He questioned why the government is enshrining different sentencing considerations for certain groups, arguing that it fundamentally contradicts the principle of equality under the law.
Justice Secretary Shabana Mahmood, however, denied that the changes create a two-tier system, stating: “There will never be a two-tier sentencing approach under my watch or under this Labour Government.” By instructing judges to consider different pre-sentencing procedures based on an offender’s identity rather than their crime, the guidelines risk creating unfair leniency for some while imposing harsher consequences on others. Furthermore, the directive to “avoid” sending pregnant women and mothers of babies to prison unless absolutely necessary must be criticised. The sentencing should be determined by the crime committed, not personal circumstances. Sentencing should be blind to identity and focus solely on the severity of the offense. What is happening in the United States is a classic example of what position can minority appeasement can bring a country onto.